Defining the Blues with Symbolism Essay - 649 Words

As children, we are taught the names and meanings of things. Children trust what they are taught, and they assume what they are told is true. We are taught that the sky is what we look up at when we are outside, and water is what fills up our bathtubs. We also learn that the color of these two examples is â€Å"blue.† In the Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary, one of the first definitions of â€Å"blue† is stated as â€Å"The color of the clear daytime sky: a color lying between green and violet in the spectrum.† Even though the definition provided for the word â€Å"blue† contains examples, we are easily able to interpret the meaning of the word â€Å"blue† because of what we were taught growing up. As children begin to mature, their vocabulary develops,†¦show more content†¦A â€Å"bluebeard,† on the other hand, is a man who marries and kills one wife after another. The saying originated from a French folktale, where the title described the man’s ugly â€Å"blue† beard. The word â€Å"blue† is also used in figurative meanings. For instance, in Germany, two different sayings containing the word â€Å"blue† have inconsistent meanings. One, â€Å"to be blue (blau sein)† is meant â€Å"to be drunk,† while a person looking at the world with a blue eye is said to be naà ¯ve. As previously noted, the word â€Å"blue† can be used to mean different things, even though the settings are similar. Popular dialect can also give context into the meaning of the word â€Å"blue.† â€Å"Blue in the face† is said when someone is tired, usually from physical exercise. When a person’s face becomes short of oxygen, it is said to be turning blue. Another idiom, â€Å"into the blue,† is a saying used to describe something off into the far distance or unknown. Also, â€Å"out of the blue,† is used to characterize something that is completely unexpected. Both of these expressions involve a destination that is unclear. Not only is everyday language an example of how the word blue is used, but also the â€Å"blues,† a music genre defined by African Americans in the late 19th century, which often describes sadness and melancholy. Even though â€Å"blue† can be used to describe gloomy aspects such as the working class to the African Americans’ â€Å"blues†, blue is one ofShow MoreRelatedRacism And Discrimination On African Americans1210 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Americans through her frequent use of symbolism.2 In The Bluest Eye, an extremely important symbol is blue eyes (Crayton 73). Blue eyes are used to symbolize racially based beauty standards and the power associated with whiteness (â€Å"Bluest† LitCharts). In the novel, society believes that if a person does not have white skin, he or she is not beautiful. Pecola Breedlove falls victim to this widespread belief and longs to possess blue eyes. In her world, blue eyes are far more than a simple eye colorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Perfect Blue 899 Words   |  4 PagesPerfect Blue is an ultimate example of the â€Å"animation for grown-ups†, or anime rated R. In conveys numerous topics and symbols. Through crit ical perception and national symbols, it exploits the issues of feminity, independence, over-consumerism, appearance preoccupation, personality disorders, etc. The visual of the chase sequence deals with three levels of symbols explored below: a) â€Å"evil twin† symbolic meaning; b) personality disorder visuality; c) allusions to thriller representation. The analysisRead MoreThe Importance of Animals and Symbolism in Ancient Egyptian Art1611 Words   |  7 Pagessimilarities and differences, and consider how this affects the meaning of the works. Characteristics and Traits of Different Types of Ancient Egyptian Art Just from looking at a few pieces of the art of the Ancient Egyptians, you notice many defining characteristics about it that make it unique and different from other types of art. There are several recurring features in the art, so this must mean that these traits and aspects are significant. This next section of the essay will go into detailRead MoreSymbolism in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried Essays978 Words   |  4 Pagesto shape each character. In doing so, the reader is able to sympathize with the internal and external struggles the men endure. These symbolic comparisons often give even the smallest details great literary weight, due to their dual meanings. The symbolism in â€Å"The Things They Carried† guides the reader through the complex development of characters by establishing their humanity during the inhumane circumstance of war, articulating what the men need for emotional and spiritual survival, and by revealingRead More Color as Metaphor in Film What Dreams May Come1332 Words   |  6 PagesDirector Ward goes even farther in using color to represent the actual characters themselves. Red is the shade chosen to signify Annie and likewise, blue is used for Chris. Both of these, as will be shown, are accurate in defining these fictitious people. However, it is the profound use of purple in this film that is the true focal point. When mixing red and blue paint, one would find that, after being mixed, they cannot be separated. Likewise, this is true of the life and love these characters build andRead MoreMovie Analysis : Sonny s Blues1248 Words   |  5 PagesRecords Some people might agree that a broken home might be better then no home, or maybe having no home is better then having a hopeless home. The narrator who is unnamed in Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, is from a home that you can carry good and horrid memories with you. In the short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, the narrator along with his entire household all have personal suffering that affect their lives tremendously. Consider that almost everyone has problems in their life and household, weather youRead MoreTo Begin The Discussion Of Organizational Culture It Is1181 Words   |  5 Pagesbegin the discussion of organizational culture it is critical that we first define what it is that we will seek to examine. As noted in the readings, many definitions exist, however for the scope of this paper I will take the lead of Kuh and Whitt. 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HaveRead MoreSymbolic References in Everyday Use by Alice Walker1848 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism is the taking of an object big or small, and giving it something to stand for. It could be your everyday math symbols for addition, subtraction, division, and etc. Although math symbols are perfect examples of symbolism, there’s also objects that can be more than what they are. For example animals, Lions are known to be symbolized as strength, aggression, and assertiveness. Birds like doves are symbolized as love and peace. Colors are also held symbolically, for instance the color blackRead MoreThe Time Machine, H. G. Wells1701 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Time Machine, H. G. Wells explores the Victorian elements of 19th century society through symbolism in the novel’s depiction of the env ironment. Wells depicts the Time Machine as an impractical and extravagant construction in order to criticize the Victorian values which the Machine embodies. The White Sphinx, a statue the Time Traveler encounters when he travels the future, serves as symbol of the decay and death of the Victorian ideals. The Time Traveler’s description of the Palace of Green

Implementing A New Training Program - 1475 Words

I have experienced the difficulties and challenges faced with the way this has been in the past. With this new plan, it will completely eliminate the problems that have occurred from previous training processes. The company can save themselves many resources implementing a new training program with the phases: Goals and Objectives, Accessing Company Programs, Hands on workshop, Group/Teamwork activity, Evaluation and Follow up. Figure 1 shows the schedule of each phase and the days in which they should be carried out through the first week of training. Through the implementation of this project no extra resources will need to be used except the time of managers and other employees within the team. These are all miniscule factors in the beginning that will provide tremendous dividends in the success of this employee for the future. The goal of this new training program being implemented is to create a better transition and immediate spark of productive output from new employees. These steps will guide these new employees through a transition to becoming a veteran of the workplace. The benefits involved through the implementation is just as much for the managers as the employees themselves. Managers will be not be wasting time, resources, and money on lost work from new employees not knowing or understanding what they are supposed to be doing. In fact, the change will more efficiently use up the hours wasted when new employees are left with no work to do, create betterShow MoreRelatedImplementing A New Training And Development Program At English Home Furnishings1720 Words   |  7 PagesImplement a New Training and Development Program Attached is the proposal to implement a new training and development program at English Home Furnishings. This new program will go in effect on November 1, 2016. This four week program will allow all employees to have the same experience and knowledge when selling the products for the company. Due to the lack of training with new hires, this has caused a decline in sales due to lack of knowledge and experience. The following four week program will prepareRead MoreImplementing The Awareness And Training Program1060 Words   |  5 PagesImplementing: An IT security awareness and training program should be implemented only after a needs assessment has been conducted, a strategy has been developed, an awareness and training program plan for implementing that strategy has been completed, and awareness and training material has been developed. The program’s implementation must be fully explained to the organization to achieve support for its implementation and commitment of necessary resources. This explanation includes expectationsRead MoreNeeds Assessment Paper1475 Words   |  6 Pagestasked with implementing a new employee training program. This class is being designed especially for our new customer service associates to ensure they are successful in their new position. â€Å"Having a trained workforce means your workers are learning new skills that can improve production, cut time spent in creation of your service, reduce production costs, reduce mistakes, build confidence in your workforce, and create a better working environment† (Benton, 2014). Making sure that our new employeesRead MoreThe Role Of Electronic And The Media943 Words   |  4 Pagesmust have public support. The public must be convinced of its importance through repeated exposure and explained the repercussions of not implementing th e policy. The role of print and electronic media lacks in certain areas creating little value to any event or program that highlights the importance of implementing fall-prevention programs through formal training of nursing staff. 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New by-laws or modernized technology will call for current employees to meet open-endedRead MoreThe Errors Of Communication Errors1272 Words   |  6 Pages Limited of studies comparing the 2). â€Æ' Suggestions in implementing I-PASS The implementation of the I-PASS hand-off program was successful in reducing the rate of errors in communication in both a single site and in multiple site studies. I-PASS Study Education Executive Committee provides suggestions on how to successfully integrate the I-PASS hand-off program to a unit or an institution. This is based on how the I-PASS hand-off program is implemented in the multiple site study (O’Toole, WestRead MoreThe Leading Theories For Development Of Adult Education Programs Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesTPACK have been the leading theories for development of adult education programs and curricula. This white paper will provide various reasons to support the need for professional training programs to be implemented into educational settings for instructional leaders, coaches and supervisors. As the technological era continues to grow and flourish, instructional leaders are not able to effectively support instructors in implementing the technological, p edagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) neededRead MoreTraining Planning Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesTraining alone is often not enough to inspire a changed behavior or improve performance. In a few nations, accessibility of proficient advancement programs is constrained. Numerous wellbeing laborers need access to formal preparing openings and new thoughts and methodologies that can enhance their work execution. Designing and Implementing Training Plans should be used by every organization to ensure proper training is taking place. A preparation program is made out of a calendar of activities withRead MoreField Training For Food Service1007 Words   |  5 PagesField training for food service is similar to street vendors in cities and towns. The â€Å"gut man† as some would call him is the morning food delivery truck that comes to your place of work and serves you up with an â€Å"eat on the go† concept. This is similar to the Army’s Field Food service pr ogram. The â€Å"eat on the go† concept is a growing idea and the military is the best at making this idea a reality. In combat environments there is no time to wine and dine or even have the time to enjoy a nice mealRead MoreEssay on Research Based Instructional Program780 Words   |  4 PagesINSTRCTIONAL PROGRAM Research-Based Instructional Program One major disadvantage to developing and implementing instructional programs not based on research is the time spent. â€Å"Time is money†, and wasted time means wasted money. Money is wasted on implementing programs that are not research based. Time and money is wasted on training. Overall time and money are wasted on the program. Without the proper research it may not be known if the program is needed in the first place. Programs may be developed

Basic Concepts in Quality Planning and Management Free Essays

Quality Management (Basic Concepts) 1) What Is Quality? The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied — ASQ (American Society for Quality) needs. 1. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Concepts in Quality Planning and Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Performance Reliability Durability Serviceability Aesthetics Features Perceived Quality Conformance to Standards Will the product do the intended job? How often does the product fail? How long does the product last? How easy is it to repair the product? What does the product look like? What does the product do? What is the reputation of the company or its product? Is the product made exactly as the designer intended? Quality Management Slide 2 of 35 1. 1 Components of Quality Customer Quality of Design Product Features vs Customer Requirements Requirements Performance Quality of Specifications Sales and Marketing Product Specifications vs Product Features Quality of Conformance Features Product Product Characteristics vs Product Specifications Design Manufacturing Quality of Performance Product Characteristics vs Customer Requirements Specifications Quality Management Slide 3 of 35 1. 1. Voice of the Customer The term Voice Of the Customer (VOC) is used to describe customers’ needs and their perceptions of your product or service. VOC data helps an organization: †¢ Align design and improvement efforts with business strategy. †¢ Decide what products, processes and services to offer or enhance. †¢ Identify critical features/performance requirements for products, processe s and services. †¢ Identify key drivers of customer satisfaction. Quality Management Slide 4 of 35 1. 1. 2 Kano’s Model of Customer Needs Performance Quality Satisfiers Excitement Quality Noriaki Kano Delighters Basic Quality Dissatisfiers Quality Performance Quality Management Customer Satisfaction Slide 5 of 35 1. 2 Quality is Customer Satisfaction Supplier Metrics †¢ Cycle-Time Customer Needs †¢ Timeliness †¢ Cost †¢ Price †¢ Defect Rate †¢ Quality Quality Management Slide 6 of 35 1. 2 Quality is Customer Satisfaction A â€Å"customer† is anyone who is impacted by the product: 1. External Customers – Include not only the end-users, but also †¢ the intermediate processors (OEMs, distributors, retailers) †¢ non-purchasers who have some connection to the product (government regulatory bodies) . Internal Customers – Include not only other divisions of the company that are provided with components for an assembly, but also †¢ others that are affected (the Purchasing department that receives an engineering specification for a procurement) Quality Management Slide 7 of 35 1. 3 Two Views of Quality Internal View of Quali ty Compare product to specification Get product accepted at inspection Prevent plant field defects Concentrate on manufacturing Use internal quality measures View quality as a technical issue Efforts coordinated by quality manager External View of Quality Compare product to competition (and BIC) Provide satisfaction over product life Meet customer needs on goods services Cover all functions User customer-based quality measures View quality as a business issue Efforts directed by upper management Quality Management Slide 8 of 35 2) What is Management? Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims. Quality Management Slide 9 of 35 2. 1 Management Functions Goals of Claimants Use of Resources Reengineering the System What , When Planning How Organizing Who Staffing Leading Controlling Produce Results Quality Management Slide 10 of 35 Facilitate Communication Links 2. 1 Management Functions Strategic Tactical Quality Management Time Spent in Carrying Out Managerial Functions Slide 11 of 35 Controlling Organizing Planning Leading 3) What is Quality Management? Quality management is the process of identifying and administering the activities needed to achieve the quality objectives of an organization. Desired Quality Performance Current Quality Performance Quality Management Slide 12 of 35 3. Juran’s Trilogy CHRONIC WASTE ( opportunity for improvement ) Joseph Moses Juran (1904-2008) †¢ Quality Planning designing products, services and processes to meet new breakthrough goals †¢ Quality Control meeting goals during operations †¢ Quality Improvement creating breakthroughs to unprecedented levels of performance Slide 13 of 35 Quality Management 3. 1 Juran’s Trilogy Quality Planning †¢ Establish quality goals †¢ Identify customers †¢ Discover customer needs †¢ Develop product features †¢ Develop process features †¢ Establish process controls, transfer to operations Quality Control Choose control subjects †¢ Choose units of measure †¢ Set goals †¢ Create a sensor †¢ Measure the actual performance †¢ Interpret the difference †¢ Take action on the difference Quality Improvement †¢ Prove the need †¢ Identify projects †¢ Organize project teams †¢ Diagnose the causes †¢ Provide remedies, prove that the remedies are effective †¢ Deal with resistance to change †¢ Control to hold the gains Quality Management Slide 14 of 35 4) The Need for Quality Management Two primary components of quality: †¢ Product Features †¢ Freedom from Deficiencies Features Deficiencies Price Share Cycle Time Waste Warranty Income Cost Profit Quality Management Slide 15 of 35 4. 1 Drivers for Quality Changing business conditions: †¢ Increasing competition – Customers are not willing to pay for higher quality †¢ Changing customer – Consumer markets commands priority based on volume †¢ Changing product mix – Low-Volume, High-Price High-Volume, Low-Price †¢ Increasing product complexity – More stringent requirements for reliability †¢ Higher levels of customer expectation – Improved service quality both before and after the sale Quality Management Slide 16 of 35 4. 2 Deming Chain Reaction William Edwards Deming (1900-1993) Quality Management Slide 17 of 35 5) Total Quality Control Armand Villan Feigenbaum (born 1922) Quality Management Slide 18 of 35 5. 1 Key Elements of Total Quality †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Strategically Based Customer Focus Obsession with Quality Scientific Approach Long-Term Commitment Teamwork Continual Improvement of Systems Education and Training Freedom through Control Unity of Purpose Employee Involvement and Empowerment Slide 19 of 35 Quality Management 5. 2 Scope of Quality Management Traditional (Little Q) Emerging (Big Q) Products Manufactured goods All products, goods services, (whether for sale or not) Processes Processes directly related to manufacture of goods All processes, manufacturing support, business, etc Industries Manufacturing All industries, manufacturing, service, government, etc (whether profit or not) Slide 20 of 35 Quality Management 5. 3 Triple-Role Concept TripleUnder this enlarged concept (Big Q), all jobs encompass three roles for the jobholder: †¢ customer : receives processed information and/or goods †¢ processor : converts inputs into outputs †¢ supplier : delivers resulting products to customers e. g. The Product Development function †¢ receives information on customer needs from Marketing †¢ creates designs for new products †¢ furnishes specifications to Operations Quality Management Slide 21 of 35 5. 3 Triple-Role Concept TripleInput I am Responsible for Quality As a Good Customer I will As a Good Process Owner I will As a Good Supplier I will Output My Supplier My Customer Requirements Feedback †¢ Agree on document my requirements with my supplier †¢ Learn apply the tools of quality – teach others †¢ Understand my customer requirements, agree on, document my deliverables Requirements Feedback Return defective inputs to my supplier promptly tactfully †¢ Continuously improve my process – reduce defects, cycle-time know benchmarks †¢ Reduce defects variations in my output †¢ Feed back input quality data to my supplier †¢ Document display my process, defect levels, CI projects †¢ Measure my output qualit y from my customer’s perspective Quality Management Slide 22 of 35 3. 2. 1 SIPOC Diagram Supplier Input Process Function 1 Output Customer Internal Internal Function 2 External †¦ External Function i †¦ Customer What are my requirements? Function n End-User What are their expectations? Who are my Suppliers? What are my Funtions? Who are my Customers? Exercise 1 Describe the triple-role for the following: †¢ a process engineer †¢ an equipment engineer †¢ a quality manager †¢ an under-graduate For each scenario, identify the key responsibilities for each triple-role. Quality Management Slide 24 of 35 6) The Importance of Quality The first job we have is to turn out quality merchandise that consumers will buy and keep on buying. If we produce it efficiently and economically, we will earn a profit in which you will share. William Cooper Procter (1862-1934) Company Employees Address in 1887 Three issues critical to manufacturing and service: †¢ Productivity †¢ Cost †¢ Quality Quality Management Slide 25 of 35 6) The Importance of Quality Improved Quality †¢ Competitive Advantage †¢ Reduced Cost Less returns, rework and/or scrap †¢ Increased Productivity Increased Profits †¢ Satisfied Customers Quality Sales Profit Jobs Quality Management Slide 26 of 35 6. 1 Cost of Poor Quality GM announces recall April 14, 2009 06:56 PM HUNTSVILLE, AL (WAFF) – General Motors is recalling 1. 5 million vehicles because of potential engine fires. GM says there have been no reports of any fires or injuries. Some of the recalled vehicles are no longer in production. The recall involves vehicles with a 3. 8-liter V6 engine. The government says drops of oil could fall into the exhaust system and cause a fire in the engine. The recall includes the 1998-1999 oldsmobile Intrigue, the 1997-2003 Pontiac Grand Prix, 1997-2003 Buick Regal, and the 1998-2003 Chevrolet Lumina, Monte Carlo and Impala. A gm spokesperson says the recall is just a precautionary measure for consumers. Quality Management Slide 27 of 35 6. 1 Cost of Poor Quality Sony recalls 438,000 laptops on burn concern Fri, Sep 05, 2008 Reuters NEW YORK, US – Japan’s Sony Corp has launched a voluntary recall of 438,000 Vaio portable computers, citing a potential hazard that could cause the machines to overheat or possibly burn a user. It is one of the biggest computer recalls since 2006 when Dell Inc recalled 4. 1 million notebook computer batteries because they could overheat and catch fire. Quality Management Slide 28 of 35 6. 1 Cost of Poor Quality Prima Deli chocolate cakes likely cause of food poisoning By Hasnita A Majid, Channel NewsAsia | Posted: 03 December 2007 2259 hrs SINGAPORE: If you’ve bought chocolate cakes from bakery chain Prima Deli, you should throw them away. The advice comes from the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA). The two agencies say these cakes are likely to contain a bacteria called Salmonella Enteriditis, which has caused some people to get food poisoning. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that can cause symptoms such as fever, watery diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain. 106 people have so far reported getting food poisoning after eating the cakes. Six had to be hospitalised, but have since been discharged. They tested positive for Salmonella Enteritidis. Quality Management Slide 29 of 35 6. 1 Cost of Poor Quality The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of central Florida, United States at 11:39 a. m. EST (16:39 UTC). The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster occurred on February 1, 2003, when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas during re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere, with the loss of all seven crew members, shortly before it was scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107. Quality Management Slide 30 of 35 6. 2 Quality, Costs and Schedules Quality †¢ Emphasis on Quality – Elimination of causes of error and rework Reduction in Costs Improve delivery Schedules †¢ Emphasis on Quality – Unnecessary product features – Unrealistic tolerances – Perfectionism in inspection Increase in Costs Missing delivery Schedules Costs Schedules Will emphasis on Quality have a positive or negative impact on Costs and Schedules? Quality Management Slide 31 of 35 6. 2 Quality, Costs and Schedules Quality is about doing things right the first time and about satisfying customers. But quality is also about costs, revenues, and profits. Quality plays a key role in keeping costs low, revenues high, and profits robust. Perry L Johnson http://www. pji. com/aboutplj. htm Quality Management Slide 32 of 35 7) The Quality Odyssey Transformational change or radical change is different from incremental change. A breakthrough can mean different things to different people. Radical Change Carry-Over Modules from Past †¢ â€Å"As-is† †¢ Minor modifications †¢ 5S †¢ Root causes are not always identified Incremental Change †¢ Quality improvement †¢ Lean Manufacturing †¢ Process flow revisions †¢ Customer focused †¢ Re-design †¢ Creative thinking †¢ Innovation †¢ Six Sigma †¢ Benchmarking †¢ New technology Fix as Fail Self-Inspection †¢ Check †¢ Inspect †¢ Quality Control †¢ Revise Towards â€Å"Best-in-Class† Quality Quality Management Slide 33 of 35 7) The Quality Odyssey Recognize Leaders recognize the need for change and focus on achieving â€Å"Best-InClass† Quality. Define Leaders define the strategy, goals and objectives necessary to pursue â€Å"BestIn-Class† Quality. Organize Steps are taken to measure and analyze the organization’s current position. Improve Deploy strategy by selecting key problem areas, training people, establishing measures, developing solutions, and implementing improvements. Control Determine if improvements are working. If so, establish controls to maintain this new level of Sustain Integrate improvements throughout the organization standardize best practices. Select new areas for improvement. Alignment between customers’ expectations and the organization’s strategic plan, processes and activities ultimately results in the right things being done right. Quality Management Slide 34 of 35 Recommended Further Reading 1. Juran’s Quality Planning and Analysis for Enterprise Quality Frank Gryna, Richard C H Chua and Joseph A DeFeo McGraw-Hill, 5th Edition, 2005 Chapter 1 : Basic Concepts Quality Management Slide 35 of 35 How to cite Basic Concepts in Quality Planning and Management, Papers

Architecture Manifesto Essay Example For Students

Architecture Manifesto Essay The length of architecture could be a little tiny piece of pencil to the entire broad Milky Way it’s upon us to explore the form of architecture that defines us. The term modern architecture is ambiguous. It can be understood to refer to all buildings of the modern period regardless of their ideological basis, or it can be understood more specifically as an architecture conscious of its own modernity and striving for change. Modern architecture is a category that usually complements buildings of the 20th and 21st century. It would include Bauhaus / International styles (sometimes used to describe Bauhaus architecture in United States) and also brutalism. Modernism was a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of the Art Deco, Art Nouveau and the Victorian ages. However, it is still a matter of taste. Even though Bauhaus, a German design school 3 (Operated from 1919-33 By founder Walter Gropius, then by Hans Mayer and Ludwig Mies der Van Rohe) which had profoundly influenced arts and architecture had been more concerned with social aspects of design; nonetheless, International style soon became a symbolism of Capitalism. To every (well, most of) architectural students or architects, living in the world of Le Corbusier would be like a trip to Narnia (whether you like it or not). We’ve heard so much about him, his creation and his legacy. His works stand today, still looking as â€Å"modern† as he intended to. Thus, proving that the concept of never be â€Å"out of style† in his modern buildings true. Whether do you agree with his theory or not, you have to give the man some credits, remembering that he had achieved all of what seems today as â€Å"normal† in the first half of the 20th century and most of the buildings nowadays inevitably had some of his influences more or less. According to his manifesto, â€Å"a house is the machine for living† in the sense that should have been governed by calculations and â€Å"standards†. Le Corbusier was fascinated with the idea of â€Å"mass production† (remembering that this was in the early 20th century), factories fascinated him with their simple forms and pure functions as with automobiles which were mass produced and designed to fit a certain standard. To achieve the utmost perfection, there must be a certain standards which derives from various calculations and experiments, Le Corbusier believes that all humans have a certain standards and are physically the same, he went further to the point of â€Å"objectifying† his name from â€Å"Charles-Edouard Jeanneret† to Le Corbusier, â€Å"Le† means â€Å"the†. The reason that his buildings are all so minimal is because he believed in the true pure primary forms, which he believed that â€Å"they can be clearly appreciated†. Gothic buildings, are not true architecture, â€Å"the styles are a lie†. Nevertheless, architectures from the past that he did admire were the pyramids, Pont du Gard and also the Parthenon all of which he stated, to have been derived from some standards and precise calculations. Thus, it almost all of his buildings, the simple pure geometrical forms became the most recognizable feature of his architecture as eventually what we recognize in most modern building nowadays. Playtime A Film by Jacques Tati Besides from moving to a little town in Northern India called â€Å"Chandigargh† where his â€Å"Radiant city† had been made into reality, a film by Jacques Tati, â€Å"Playtime† offer you quite a good idea of what would it be like if his creation and principles were made into reality. The film displays the struggle of an out-of-town man hoping to meet up with a man in Le Corbusier’s version of Paris. Here, the director’s point of view towards Corbusier was clear, that it would be a blunt, grey, boring society where everything, everywhere and everyone would sort of look the same. The modern standards and mass-produced society would erases identity to the point that we only recognize it’s Paris by the old French lady selling flowers at the street corner. I personally admired Le Corbusier who came up with all of these things that today, seems ordinary. We have to admit that without some of his theory, the world would be different today. However I think that the radiant city is a bit too far, hence, I agree to Tati’s viewpoint presented on the film. At first glance, it looks aesthetically pleasing with everything in order, nice modern high rises and the glass and steel structure but as we watched the film, I started to feel the coldness, lack of warmth in the society, in the environment. It leads to the point of becoming a bit haunting, when Hawaii, New York and London would practically look the same and we couldn’t distinguish the nationalities of people without hearing them speak various languages. Steven Holl - Ideas on Architecture EssayThe key to achieve these almost impossible forms is the use of the computer program to generate formulas and calculate to the exact pieces that will, when constructed together, create that free form, flowing buildings. Thus, this represent a contradiction, the forms of Zaha’s buildings might seems flowing and free, because it was all about the differences in each building that in a whole, flow together in harmony, just like the society that made up of differences but as a whole operates as one. Yet, when it comes to the way her buildings are to be built, in involved one of the most complicated, precise and laborious process as each piece of her buildings are unique and different, meaning that if one piece doesn’t exactly followed that pattern, in other word, if that piece does not come as perfect as planned, the whole system will fail and a building will not be complete. To just give you a better idea of how notoriously laborious the creation of Zaha’s buildings are, once an engineer has to make 7000 sections of a particular building in the order to understand the structure because it is indeed, different at 7000 points of the building. Master Plan of Singapore I appreciated her contribution to the architectural world; she has really brought the parametric into the light, and made it quite well known. I like the flow and the free form of her buildings since it has never been done in the past before, However, I felt that the complexity involved in the creation of her buildings works against her as it sparks the question; Do we really need to do this after all? Since her curves and free forms does not contributes to the main functions of the building after all, do we really need to go through all of this troubles in the order to get the aesthetics and the meaning of the building just right? Perhaps, good architecture is not only about inventive, exciting forms but also more importantly, the experience of the building and how it uses specific context of the site, the environment and the habitants to create an â€Å"experience†. Nevertheless, like I said before, it is non-arguable that Zaha has become such an influential part of today’s architecture and thus, deserves all of the credits she received. Then came along architects like Saarinen, who dares to break through the straight lines and play with curves successfully, what is particularly interesting is that these curves are not random, they are a part of the concept, they do have a purpose, they’re not for ornamentation. Then there’re also Louis Kahn, whose architecture used the past as inspiration not abandoned it, I’ve found his concept to be inspiring as a person who is also fascinated with history. I like how his building does not only occupy people nor that it’s a machine, for example, the National Assembly Building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which fully reflected on the Bangladesh identity, I feel that a good building should does that, it needs to care, about the context, about the occupants. Another one of my favorite, Alvar Aalto, I liked how he purposely captured the Finnish spirit in his work, how he uses local material in the order to goves out a cultural ambience which build a connection between his architecture and occupants. Thus these elements does have meanings, they do exhibits a sort of function like the ripple ceiling in the Viipuri Library, which were there for acoustic but also became a dominant aesthetical features and ultimately, the identity of the architecture as well. I’ll admit that I do prefer this new style that the international style as I feel that it requires more creativity, more exploration and the outcome is much wider in terms of concepts and of course, the aesthetics. I’ve mention before that besides from the â€Å"white gods†, those that claimed themselves modernist were basically conforming, copying from the BOOK, I think that architecture is about inventing, always creating a better way, learn from the old to improve the new. I admired these people to dare break the restriction of the modern architecture, dare to invites curves back into architecture, to me, that shows the ability of a great architect; the ability to always think of the future without abandoning the past. Bibliography: Joedicke, Jurgen. A History of Modern Architecture. London, 1963. Print. Philip Jodidio. 100 Contemporary Architects, 2 Vol. London: Taschen, 2013. Print. Playtime Movie